Smoking and Hormesis as Confounding Factors in Radiation Pulmonary Carcinogenesis
نویسندگان
چکیده
منابع مشابه
Smoking and hormesis as confounding factors in radiation pulmonary carcinogenesis.
Confounding factors in radiation pulmonary carcinogenesis are passive and active cigarette smoke exposures and radiation hormesis. Significantly increased lung cancer risk from ionizing radiation at lung doses < 1 Gy is not observed in never smokers exposed to ionizing radiations. Residential radon is not a cause of lung cancer in never smokers and may protect against lung cancer in smokers. Th...
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CONTEXT The surgeon general estimates that more than 400,000 deaths are attributable to smoking annually in the United States. The tobacco industry has criticized the surgeon general's estimates because they do not control for the lower educational and socioeconomic status of modern-day smokers. OBJECTIVE To determine whether controlling for education, occupation, race, alcohol consumption, a...
متن کاملRadiation Hormesis
The word “hormesis” is derived from the Greek word “hormaein” meaning: “to excite,” which is the origin of the word “hormone.” In 1902, the English physiologist, E. Starling, discovered that an acid extract from the human duodenum contained a substance designated as secretin that, when discharged into the bloodstream, stimulated the pancreas to release its secretions when food has passed throug...
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Evidence of health benefits and longer average life-span following low-dose irradiation should replace fear, “all radiation is harmful,” and “the perception of harm” as the basis for action in the 21 century. Hormesis is the excitation, or stimulation, by small doses of any agent in any system. Large doses inhibit. “Low dose” is defined as any dose between ambient levels of radiation and the th...
متن کاملHormesis and radiation safety norms.
Today's radiation safety norms are based on the linear no-threshold theory (LNT): extrapolation of the dose-response relationships down to the minimal doses, where such relationships are unproven and can be inverse due to hormesis. The most promising way to obtaining reliable data on the dose-effect relationships for low radiation doses would be large-scale animal experiments. Outstanding publi...
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ژورنال
عنوان ژورنال: Dose-Response
سال: 2006
ISSN: 1559-3258,1559-3258
DOI: 10.2203/dose-response.06-003.sanders